A Drummer's Testament
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The life of princes; relationship of the first-born son to the second-born son; how the hierarchy shifts to accommodate princes; conflict between princes and junior fathers; the chief's elders: Kamo-Naa, Wulana, Lun-Naa, Magaaʒia, etc.; how a new chief lives with his elders and townspeople; how the townspeople and elders greet the chief on Mondays and Fridays
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Contents outline and links by paragraph
Introduction
- 1. talk about how princes move through chieftaincy
Example: princes of Savelugu
- 2. a chief's child is not raised by the chief; role of Nyoglo-Naa for Savelugu-Naa
- 3. the prince goes to Savelugu when the chief is dying or dies; the zuu (eldest) is given a hat
- 4. the eldest son becomes Regent (Gbɔŋlana); other princes follow the Gbɔŋlana at funeral
- 5. the Gbɔŋlana sits until a new chief is chosen; if not Savelugu, will get another chieftaincy
- 6. the zupali (second-born son) also searches for chieftaincy; greets senior chiefs to advocate for him with Yaa-Naa; gets chieftaincy
- 7. the remaining children divide themselves to stay with the two elder brothers; follow seniority and the one who gets chieftaincy
When the siblings do not trust one another
- 8. if the princes do not cooperate; often due to a brother who neglects the others
- 9. sometimes come from children who have different mothers; example: Naa Abilaai and Naa Andani
Chieftaincy not guaranteed: the one God likes
- 10. all princes do not get chieftaincy; with big chieftaincies, if Gbɔŋlana does not get his father's chieftaincy, often gets the chieftaincy of the chief who has come
- 11. competition with children of previous chiefs; chiefs move and shift; example: Savelugu-Naa Bofo's Gbɔŋlana
- 12. smaller chieftaincies often not given to prince of the town; prince does not get chieftaincy
How princes' and commoners' lines enter one another; modern need for money
- 13. family of prince who does not get chieftaincy becomes commoners; all commoners are connected to chieftaincy
- 14. commoner who get money or influence can obtain chieftaincy; example: Alhaji Ibrahim's line from Dalun and Singa
- 15. formerly, chieftaincy was not bought like now; currently princes need money
- 16. example of formerly following family: how Naa Abilaai gave chieftaincy to Nanton-Naa Mahami
- 17. Yendi chieftaincy is from Yendi elders; many Yendi princes do not eat it
How a new chief arrives in a town and meets elders
- 18. how the new chief will gather and talk to his main elders: Wulana, Limam, Kamo-Naa, Lun-Naa, Magaaʒia, Salchi Samaali (Nachimba-Naa)
- 19. how the elders will respond
- 20. the elders will inform their followers; the importance of the young men and their leader
- 21. example: Alhaji Ibrahim compares his leadership role among Tamale drummers to Salchi Samaali
- 22. Magaaʒia is leader of the women; Lun-Naa, Kamo-Naa, and Limam will all talk to followers
Chiefs and tindanas
- 23. chief sees the tindana before coming to the town; gives tindana for sacrifices to god of the town
- 24. chiefs who are like tindanas: Gukpe-Naa, Tolon-Naa are from the towns; share tindanas work; towns are different
- 25. chief and tindana work together but do not do usually make sacrifices in public gatherings
The work of the elders
- 26. importance of respecting the elders; Wulana is senior as spokesman for the chief
- 27. building roads or paths or repairing the chief's hall is work for Kamo-Naa and followers
- 28. work of plastering and floors is for Magaaʒia
- 29. Wulana is chief's messenger; attends funerals for chief
- 30. Liman protects the town with prayers
- 31. Lun-Naa accompanies chief when he leave his house
Respect and chieftaincy
- 32. chief must respect townspeople or they will not follow him; many modern chiefs do not
- 33. a chief who respects elders and holds people will have respect; on Monday and Fridays, drummers beat Punyiɣsili, and townspeople will greet him
Protocols of greetings
- 34. lowering oneself to greet an older or senior person
- 35. squat or kneel to greet any chief; gesture of respect
Mondays and Fridays greetings to a chief
- 36. different people have different ways to greet; use the entrance into the hall (zɔŋ), or sometimes outside the compound; Wulana is first
- 37. Wulana or his elder is interlocutor for the chief; must be able to speak well
- 38. elders: Wulana most important; Kpanalana, Kpihigi-Naa are also common; also Gushie-Naa, Kukɔlɔɣu, Yipiɛli-Naa, Kukuo-Naa, Yimahi-Naa, Tuya-Naa, Yiʒee-Naa, Gunda-Naa, Zoɣyuri-Naa; differences from town to town
- 39. Wulana and followers sit and greet, turn to face same way as chief; Naazoonima also sit like that
- 40. when chief greets, those gathered clap hands; Naazoonima snap fingers
- 41. must say the word “Chief” when responding to the chief
- 42. how the Limam greets; receives cola; sits facing the chief
- 43. how the Kamo-Naa greets; stands behind the chief to greet; sits on a chair; other elders of Kamo-Naa; receive cola and pito
- 44. Lun-Naa and other drum chiefs and followers; sit to the chief's right; how they greet
- 45. how Yidan' Gunu and barbers greet; sit near to chief; Yidan' Gunu a Naazoo
- 46. other elders: Nakɔhi-Naa and butchers, So-Naa and blacksmiths
- 47. princes who are staying with the chief sit to the left; townspeople to the right
How the villagers greet the chief on Mondays and Fridays
- 48. each village has the elder who leads them to the chief; how the villagers arrive
- 49. villagers bring food and money; how they are presented to the chief and the greetings
- 50. villagers also talk about a village problem they may have
- 51. how the elder talks about the problem to the chief, and the chief responds
- 52. example of improvement projects in the village
- 53. no delay for emergencies; villagers and chiefs respond quickly; different from Mondays and Fridays
- 54. Mondays and Fridays are “white heart” greetings; villagers bring food because formerly the chiefs did not farm; one should not greet a chief without giving something
- 55. others bring cola or money, or both
Terms of address in chiefs' greetings
- 56. how the chief addresses other chiefs, princes, and others as junior father, grandfather, aunt
- 57. chiefs the Yaa-Naa addresses as grandfather or senior father
- 58. who squats in front of chief to receive collect and whom they send the cola to his sitting place
- 59. example: how Gukpe-Naa addresses Tamale area tindanas and village chiefs
Conclusion
- 60. exchange of respect helps people solve their problems
- 61. transition to the talk of the chief's court
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Proverbs and Sayings
A first-born son is always praying that his father will die early, because if his father dies early, he will grow.
As for fresh milk, some is better than the other, but there is no difference in its whiteness.
Inside our families, if you don't have the same mother with someone, you will do bad to one another.
If the bush is grown plenty, it should not joke with fire.
How the princes move, its talk does not die,
Not all the children of a chief can become a chief, and the one who gets chieftaincy is the one God likes.
A person cannot show our Dagbamba chieftaincy because its talks are so many.
It is only the one God has given chieftaincy who becomes a chief.
As we are all sitting in Dagbon here, there is no one whose grandfather was never a chief.
Anyone who speaks Dagbani is a chief's son.
If you light a fire from somewhere to go and do something somewhere else, and on the way the fire dies. And when the fire dies on the way, that is it.
They were following, “This chieftaincy has come to the door of this man.”
“My owner, the Yaa-Naa, the one who is for me and has control over me, he said that I should come and look after you. And he said I should hold you, and you will also hold me. And so these my eyes, they are open, but they don't see. And these my ears are deaf. And these my legs are crippled. My eyes are you people; my ears are you people; my legs are you people. If my mouth opens and says something, you will have to do it.”
“As the chief has said we should hold him and he will also hold us, we don't have the way to hold him. And so it is God who will hold the chief, and the chief will hold us. And so God will make the chief well, and the chief will make the commoner well.”
The tindana is for something that is in the ground, and it's hidden, and the tindana is a child of the town.
A chief is a stranger in the town.
Every town has its gods, and they have different ways.
These gods, they have one name — gods — but they are not the same.
Things look like each other, but they are not the same.
Everywhere has its own way.
“This town's gods, I don't know our gods, and I don't know what I have eaten. And so I want to beg you, and you will give me good sleep.”
If Lun-Naa is not there, the chief will be walking, and no one will know he's a chief. At that time, his chieftaincy is not there.
If a chief eats chieftaincy and he wants to be given respect and be liked by the people of the town, he has to give the chieftaincy he is eating to the people of the town.
And so chieftaincy is in the bone of a human being.
If a chief doesn't respect himself, no one will respect him.
These are the chiefs we call “I have not yet collected chieftaincy.”
The elder who talks is the one who knows how to talk.
The one whose mouth is alive, he is the one who will talk.
If you are going to talk something, and you don't talk well, sometimes your talk will not do the work you want it to do.
“A lion's child, a lion's child. The owner of the trees and the grass. The owner of the sky and the ground. The child of the lion. You are for the flour and you are for the food and you are for the soup.”
“Because of the good benefits of God for creating a chief, this is how your junior father has sent people to come and see how you are sleeping these days.”
“Your grandfather has sent people to come and see how you are sleeping these days. And he has sent this number of guinea fowls for you to cook your soup to be nice and for you to be eating. And he has sent yams too for you to be giving to the children to be roasting.”
And so we Dagbamba, it is on our heads like that: any time you are going to the chief, you have to carry something.
It is the respect that they give one another that will let them have one mouth so that they will live together well.
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Dagbani words and other search terms
- Chiefs of Yendi
- Naa Abilaai
- Andani family
- Abudu family
- Naa Andani
- Naa Yakuba
- Chieftaincies and Yendi elders
- Choggo-Naa
- Gbɔŋlana
- Gukpe-Naa
- Gundo-Naa
- Gushe-Naa
- Karaga-Naa
- Kori-Naa
- Kuga-Naa (Kuɣa-Naa)
- Mba Dugu (Mba Duɣu)
- Mionlana
- Nyoglo-Naa
- Savelugu-Naa
- Sunson-Naa
- Tibunlana
- Tolon-Naa
- Vitin-Naa
- Vo-Naa
- Wulshe-Naa
- Yaa-Naa
- Yelizolilana
- Zangbalinlana, Zangbalin-Naa
- Chiefs
- Dalunlana Blemah
- Nanton-Naa Mahami
- Nanton-Naa Musa
- Savelugu-Naa Abdulai
- Savelugu-Naa Bofo
- Savelugu-Naa Gurigulo
- Singlana Aduna
- Town elders
- Dakpema (Dakpɛma)
- Limam
- Lun-Naa
- Magaazhia (Magaaʒia)
- Nachimba-Naa
- Nakohi-Naa (Nakɔhi-Naa)
- Namo-Naa
- Okyeame
- Salchi Samaali
- Sampahi-Naa
- So-Naa
- Taha-Naa
- Yidan' Gunu
- Chief's house elders
- Gunda-Naa
- Gushie-Naa
- Kpanalana
- Kpihigi-Naa
- Kukologu (Kukɔlɔɣu)
- Kukuo-Naa
- Tuya-Naa
- Wulana
- Yizhee-Naa (Yiʒee-Naa)
- Yimahi-Naa
- Yipieli-Naa (Yipiɛli-Naa)
- Zogyuri-Naa (Zoɣyuri-Naa)
- Kambonsi elders
- Achiri
- Jahinfo (Jahinfɔ)
- Kamo-Naa
- Kumahi
- Montana
- Nachin-Naa
- Names and people
- Abilai
- Alhaji Adam (Alhassan Mangulana)
- Alhassan
- Lun-Zoo-Naa Abukari
- Sulemana
- Miscellaneous terms
- bakpema (bakpɛma) Naa bakpema (Naa bakpɛma)
- bapira
- Dagbani
- Faatiya
- guinea corn
- Holy Qur'an
- housechildren
- housepeople
- jinwara
- Kambonsi, Kambonsis
- maalams
- pirba, Mpirba
- Naa bakpema (Naa bakpɛma)
- Naazoo, Naazoonima
- pito
- princehood
- Punyigsili (Punyiɣsili)
- tindana, tindanas
- zong (zɔŋ)
- zupali
- zuu
- Towns and places
- Banvim
- Dagbon
- Dalun
- Duuni
- Gukpeogu
- Gushegu
- Kakpaguyili
- Kanvili
- Karaga
- Nanton
- Nyamandu
- Nyankpala
- Savelugu
- Sunson
- Tibung
- Tolon
- Vitin
- Voggo
- Yendi
- Yong
- Zangbalin
- Cultural groups
- Ashantis
- Dagbana, Dagbamba
- Gurunsis