A Drummer's Testament
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Alhaji Ibrahim’s family background and where he learned drumming; his respect as a drummer; an example of Baakobli and market-drumming: how Alhaji suffered and how he learned patience; the need to learn work well; learning both guŋgɔŋ and luŋa; the difference between those who have traveled to the South and those who only know Dagbon
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Supplementary material
Figures
Images
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Contents outline and links by paragraph
Alhaji Ibrahim's family lines in drumming
- 1. introduction to Alhaji Ibrahim's life as a drummer
- 2. drumming is from family; Alhaji Ibrahim's drumming from both father (drummer) and father's mother (Palo-Naa line)
- 3. Alhaji Ibrahim's father's mother's line: Bizuŋ through Palo-Naa Dariʒɛɣu
- 4. Palo moved from Namɔɣu to Savelugu under Savelugu-Naa Mahami, son of Naa Garba
- 5. Palo-Naas: Dariʒɛɣu, Kosaɣim, Ziŋnaa, Wumbie, Kpɛmahim
- 6. story of Palo-Naa Wumbie and Palo-Naa Kpɛmahim
- 7. the line of Palo-Naa Wumbie
- 8. Alhaji Ibrahim's father's mother's line from Palo-Naa Wumbie
- 9. Alhaji Ibrahim's father's father's line from Naa Luro through Boggolana Mahama to Abdulai
Alhaji Ibrahim’s parents
- 10. how Alhaji Ibrahim's father Abdulai was caught to become a drummer
- 11. Abdulai follows Bukari Kantampara to Voggo and remains there
- 12. Alhaji Ibrahim's mother Kaasuwa's line from Naa Luro to her father Sulemana through the chieftaincies of Zoggo, Singa, and Dalun
- 13. Alhaji Ibrahim's mother's mother's link to blacksmiths
- 14. how family lines mix
- 15. how Abdulai got Alhaji Ibrahim's mother as a wife
- 16. Sulemana follows Savelugu-Naa Mahami to war; gunpowder in a mortar: "worms die together"
Alhaji Ibrahim’s youth
- 17. the children of Abdulai and Kaasuwa; four survived
- 18. all are drummers; drumming catches one of Alhaji Ibrahim sister's children
- 19. Alhaji Ibrahim grows up in Voggo, helps Alhaji Mumuni look after Abdulai
- 20. after Abdulai dies, Alhaji Ibrahim goes to Nanton to live with Nanton Lun-Naa Iddrisu
- 20. Alhaji Mumuni in Voggo, left for the South when British conscripted soldiers for World War II; Lun-Zoo-Naa Abukari in Abdulai's house
- 21. Abdul-Rahaman leaves Voggo and does not learn drumming well
- 22. drummers who do not learn drumming well; "a dry fish cannot be bent"
- 23. Alhaji Mumuni's high standard in drumming; his experience in the South
- 24. Alhaji Mumuni in Voggo and Savelugu, refused five drumming chieftaincies
- 25. Alhaji Ibrahim's early lessons from Nanton Lun-Naa Iddrissu
- 26. drumming talks have difference; some are not taught
Senior drummers and drumming in Tamale
- 27. Alhaji Ibrahim moves to Tamale and stays with Alhassan Lumbila, Mangulana, and Sheni; Mangulana's name
- 28. the friendship between Alhaji Mumuni and Alhaji Adam Mangulana
- 29. the friendship between Alhaji Mumuni and Sheni
- 30. Alhassan Lumbila, Mangulana, and Sheni's line from Tolon
- 31. Alhaji Ibrahim in Tamale: singing, beating guŋgɔŋ and luŋa
- 32. Tamale has many people, more drumming events
Traveling to the South
- 33. Alhaji Ibrahim stays in Kintampo; traveling and learning; Gonja and Wangara dances
- 34. Alhaji Ibrahim stays in Kumasi; many tribes; learns to beat the dances of Zambarimas, Chembas, Dandawas, Yorubas, Gurumas
- 35. drumming for Ashanti women and princes
- 36. Alhaji Ibrahim stays in Accra; Mossi dances
- 37. Alhaji Ibrahim stays in Takoradi; Wala dances
Patience and learning drumming
- 38. Alhaji Ibrahim returns to Tamale; teaching; beating with knowledge
- 39. patience and learning wisdom from Nanton Lun-Naa Idrissu and Sheni
- 40. Alhaji Ibrahim's reputation for learnedness
- 41. in order to learn, make yourself blind and a fool
Alhaji Ibrahim as a young drummer in Tamale; the story of Baakobli
- 42. Alhaji Ibrahim's drumming as a young man; following elders to events; guŋgɔŋ and singing; market-day drumming
- 43. story of following Baakobli to market
- 44. beating praises and beating for horses to dance;
- 45. Alhaji Ibrahim is injured by a dancing horse
- 46. Baakobli gives gifts and money to Alhaji Ibrahim
- 47. Alhaji Ibrahim annoyed about having to share the money; Sheni's advice about patience
- 48. Alhaji Ibrahim seeing the benefits of patience
- 49. Alhaji Ibrahim's respect and leadership
Differences among Dagbamba drummers; differences between Dagbamba and other drumming
- 50. many different types of drumming in Dagbon
- 51. differences in knowledge; women drummers' children: "I-don't-want-to-die" drummers
- 52. different standards of learnedness in drumming
- 53. learning is in the heart (interest)
- 54. without the heart, will not learn; with heart can learn even without teaching
- 55. Alhaji Ibrahim learned the dances of the tribes because of heart
- 56. no tribe beats Dagbamba dances, but Dagbamba drummers beat other tribes' dances
- 57. beating luŋa is different from other drums
Alhaji Ibrahim’s learnedness and respect
- 58. learning like building a house, needs a strong foundation
- 59. Alhaji Ibrahim's path to knowledge from learning and traveling
- 60. Alhaji Ibrahim's leadership of drummers in Tamale
- 61. Alhaji Ibrahim's craftsmanship in making drums
- 62. Alhaji Ibrahim's leadership and respect because of knowledge
- 63. example of Wangara funeral at Savelugu
- 64. how Alhaji Ibrahim listens and learns
- 65. importance of trying to do something well
- 66. fast drumming compared to clear drumming
- 67. Alhaji Ibrahim's group of drummers the leading Dagbamba drummmers
Differences between guŋgɔŋ and luŋa
- 68. importance of luŋa to lead drumming
- 69. Alhaji Ibrahim has reached the highest respect among drummers
- 70. Alhaji Ibrahim leaves guŋgɔŋ to beat luŋa
- 71. differences of guŋgɔŋ beating; Sheni's son Mohamadu's beating is interesting because he lived in the South
- 72. using the left hand in beating guŋgɔŋ to increase the sound; example of Mohamadu's shyness beating guŋgɔŋ in front of Alhaji Ibrahim
- 73. Alhassan Lumbila's son Fuseini Jɛblin's guŋgɔŋ beating
- 74. difference in guŋgɔŋ beating between Alhaji Ibrahim's youth and Jɛblin's time; Taachi drumming
- 75. Jɛblin's extent in drumming
Differences between drummers in Dagbon and in the South
- 76. drummers learn drumming to different extents
- 77. drummers in the South do not know some drumming of Dagbon, like Punyiɣsili
- 78. drummers in the South do not know as much about drumming for chiefs
- 79. how chiefs dance compared to commoners; changing dances and changing styles
- 80. drummers in North know more than drummers in the South; no one knows all of drumming
- 81. importance of roaming to learn more
- 82. conclusion
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Proverbs and sayings
A human being is in two parts, father’s house and mother’s house, and if you like, you can say four parts. If somebody asks you, you will talk about your father and talk about your mother, those two people, and you will come to talk about the ones who gave birth to them.
Worms: they usually die together.
A wet fish can be bent, but a dry fish cannot be bent.
Zimmahili n-ni tooi pɔri, ziŋkuŋ ka tooi pɔri.
“He drums and they give him cow’s intestines to chew.”
“He drums and eats cow’s blood.”
“He drums and eats the worst food.”
A person cannot take a plain white thing and know its front and its back. It is only God who knows it.
It is very difficult to look at bee's wax and know what is inside and what is outside.
If you take a white cloth and look at it, you cannot know the front of the cloth and the back of the cloth, or the right and the left of it.
What they don’t show you, you can never know.
If I say that my eyes are open too much and that people will not cheat me, then I will not get what I want.
If you want something, you should take patience, and you make yourself a fool, and you make yourself deaf, and you make yourself blind. You will be deaf because when you go to search for wisdom, they will tell you something bad, and you will pretend as if you have not heard it. And you will see them doing bad things to you, and you will close your eyes and say you have not seen it. And you will know that they are doing bad things to you, and you will pretend as if you don’t know it.
You should make yourself foolish. And make yourself deaf, and blind. And you will know that you can see a lot and know that you can hear well. And you will say that you don’t see and don’t hear. If you say that, then we will all gain from one another. That is the work of wisdom.
If you get wisdom, you should not say that no one will cheat you.
A wise person and a wise person cannot stay together. It is only a wise person and a foolish person who can stay together.
A hawk has taken a dog's bone. (Baakobli)
Namɔɣu’s house has strength, plenty.
Namɔɣ’ yili mal’ kpiɔŋ kpam!
Learning is in the heart.
If you want to build a house, you have to make the foundation very strong.
When you want to learn something, you should learn it very well.
When a lion is lying down, if a leopard wants to take some meat, the leopard cannot cross in front of the lion to eat it.
As for dancing and learning how to beat the drum, you don’t sit to learn it only in your town.
It is good if you roam when you want to learn something.
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Dagbani words and other search terms
- Yendi chiefs
- Naa Nyagsi (Naa Nyaɣsi)
- Naa Luro
- Naa Tutugri (Naa Tutuɣri)
- Naa Zanjina
- Naa Garba
- Naa Sigli (Naa Siɣli)
- Naa Zagli (Naa Zaɣli)
- Drummers and drum chiefs
- Lun-Naa Wumbie
- Lun-Zoo-Naa
- Lun-Zoo-Naa Abukari
- Namo-Naa
- Namo-Naa Ashagu (Namo-Naa Ashaɣu)
- Namo-Naa Banchiri
- Namo-Naa Bizun (Namo-Naa Bizuŋ)
- Namo-Naa Lelbaa
- Namogu (Namɔɣu)
- Nanton Lun-Naa Iddrisu
- palo
- Palo-Naa
- Palo-Naa Bako
- Palo-Naa Chimsi
- Palo-Naa Darizhegu
- Palo-Naa Issa
- Palo-Naa Darizhegu (Palo-Naa Dariʒɛɣu)
- Palo-Naa Issa
- Palo-Naa Kosagim (Palo-Naa Kosaɣim)
- Palo-Naa Kpemahim (Palo-Naa Kpɛmahim)
- Palo-Naa Mumuni
- Palo-Naa Wumbie
- Palo-Naa Zingnaa (Palo-Naa Ziŋnaa)
- Tolon Lun-Naa Mushee
- Chiefs
- Boggolana Mahama
- Dalunlana Blemah
- Kumbun-Naa
- Kumbungu Nakohi-Naa Yamusah (Kumbungu Nakɔhi-Naa Yamusah)
- Lamashegulana Dawuni
- Nakohi-Naa
- Nanton-Naa Alhassan
- Nanton-Naa Sule
- Pigu-Naa Abilaai
- Savelugu Nachimba-Naa
- Savelugu-Naa Abilaai
- Savelugu-Naa Bukari Kantampara
- Savelugu-Naa Mahami
- Singlana Aduna
- Tolon Lun-Naa
- Vo-Naa Moro
- Yaa-Naa
- Zakpalisilana Baakali
- Zoggolana Dasana
- Zugulana Ali
- People
- Abdul-Rahaman
- Abdulai
- Abudu
- Alhaji Adam (Alhassan) Mangulana
- Alhassan Abukari
- Alhassan Lumbila
- Fati Tolon
- Fuseini (Alhassan) Jeblin (Jɛblin)
- Ibrahim Abdulai
- Kaasuwa
- Laamihi
- Laati
- Lahiri
- Mohamadu Fuseini
- Mumuni
- Neena
- Osmanu
- Sanaatu
- Sheni (Fuseini Alhassan); Shembila
- Shiru
- Simaani
- Sulemana
- Yakubu Baakobli
- Zara
- Zenabu
- Musical terms
- Biegunaayo (Biɛɣunaayo)
- chahirga
- Damba
- gungon (guŋgɔŋ)
- Je kpibu lunsi (Jɛ kpibu lunsi)
- lumpag’ bia (lumpaɣ' bia)
- lumpaga (lumpaɣa)
- lunga (luŋa), lunsi
- lundaa
- lunsi-drumming
- Naa-nyebu (Naa-nyɛbu)
- Naanigoo
- Nagbiegu (Nagbiɛɣu)
- Nakohi-waa (Nakɔhi-waa)
- Namog’ yili mali kpion kpam (Namɔɣ' yili mal' kpioŋ kpam)
- Punyigsili (Punyiɣsili)
- Samban’ lunga (Samban' luŋa)
- Taachi
- Takai
- Miscellaneous terms
- cedi, cedis
- housechild
- housepeople
- kalugi (kaluɣi)
- lorries
- namings
- pesewas
- youngmen
- Towns and places
- Aboso
- Accra
- Bibiani
- Bobo-Dioulasso
- Boggo
- Dagbon
- Dalun
- Diari
- Galiwe
- Gushie
- Kintampo
- Konongo
- Kumasi
- Kumbungu
- Moglaa
- Nanton
- Nantonkurugu
- Niamey
- Savelugu
- Sekondi
- Singa
- Takoradi
- Tarkwa
- Techiman
- Tijo
- Tolon
- Voggo
- Zakpalisi
- Zoggo
- Zugu
- Cultural groups
- Ashanti
- Chemba
- Dagbana, Dagbamba
- Dagbani
- Dandawa
- Gonja
- Guruma
- Gurunsi
- Hausa
- Kotokoli
- Mamprusi
- Mossi
- Wala
- Wangara
- Yoruba
- Zambarima