A Drummer's Testament
<Home page>
<PDF file>
How drummers earn money at gatherings; example of Namo-Naa and his messengers; sharing money to elders; “covering the anus of Bizuŋ”; how Alhaji Ibrahim divides drummers into groups and shares money; why drummers share money to old people and children; what drumming doesn't want; the need for “one mouth”
Supplementary material
Note on money:
Because inflation, fluctuating exchange rates, and multiple redenominations make the cedi figures irrelevant, a rough estimate of average earnings at a wedding house in 1970s US dollars would be about forty to fifty dollars per group. The amount could be lower or higher, depending on the wedding house. In villages and small towns, the amount would be lower. Similarly, using average amounts, in the following paragraphs, the 1970s amounts for the singer, the lundaa and the guŋgɔŋ might be four to five dollars, and proportionate for the others mentioned, although again, the amounts could frequently be less. Various available inflation calculators can compute those values into current US dollars. For further details on the cedi, readers may consult the Currency Note.
<top of page>
Contents outline and links by paragraph
Introduction
- 1. Introduction: sharing of money based on seniority and chieftaincy
Example: how Namo-Naa's messengers attend a Savelugu chief's funeral
- 2. Namo-Naa sends messengers to Palo-Naa; drummers beat to start funeral; Palo-Naa separates Namo-Naa's share
- 3. Thursday showing the riches; more drumming and money; Namo-Naa has a share
- 4. Friday prayers; praise drumming; more money shared
- 5. sharing the funeral cows: some for Yendi people; some for feeding; some for visitors
- 6. some cows for food; others are sold or taken home
- 7. drummers beat when funeral cows are slaughtered at chief's house; drummers get the heads; Palo-Naa gives to Namo-Naa's messengers
- 8. only the heads from the slaughtered cows; not the gift cows
- 9. Namo-Naa's messengers give some of the heads back to Palo-Naa; return to Yendi with money and cowhead
- 10. Namo-Naa will share everything with the drum chiefs of Yendi
What Namo-Naa gets
- 11. money and meat from funerals or wherever drummers go; also from people looking for chieftaincy
- 12. Namo-Naa's messengers at funeral, go around and greet chiefs, also receive greetings for Namo-Naa
Savelugu Palo-Naa
- 13. Palo-Naa does not get the amount Namo-Naa gets
- 14. Dolsi-Naa, Taha-Naa, and Dobihi-Naa a different door
- 15. how Palo-Naa has to share with other drummers
- 16. how Savelugu youngmen's drummers share with elders
- 17. Namo-Naa gets more than Palo-Naa because of people greeting Yaa-Naa for chieftaincy
Example: Nanton drummers at a village chief's funeral
- 18. how Nanton drum chiefs attend the funeral of a village chief
- 19. beating drums when shaving the heads
- 20. barbers and drummers share the money
- 21. seating the Gbɔŋlana
- 22. dancing; summary of the money received
- 23. sharing the money among the drum chiefs
- 24. money reserved for sick or excused drummers
- 25. money reserved for daughters of drummers
- 26. the drum chiefs share the money
- 27. how they share the cowheads and sheepheads
- 28. why there are many animals at a village chief's funeral
Tamale: Alhaji Ibrahim and the young men's drummers
- 29. how Alhaji Ibrahim organizes drummers for different wedding houses; greeted with food
- 30. how drummers earn money at wedding houses; more food before leaving
- 31. differences when perform with dancers as a cultural group; dancers get their share
- 32. normal way: the groups bring their money from the different weddding houses
- 33. sharing depends on work: elders who identify people's praise-names, singer, lundaa, guŋgɔŋ
- 34. elders, singer, lundaa get larger shares; others get less; share even to children who collect money
- 35. shares for the old drummers who do not beat, whether or not they went to the wedding house
- 36. add for a drummer who has a naming or a funeral to perform
- 37. drummers share the money at home to sisters and elders; covering the anus of Bizuŋ
- 38. sharing a little to children in the house
The ways of sharing
- 39. accept even nothing, even from an empty hand; covering Bizuŋ's anus
- 40. knowledge about sharing is from the elders; sharing has restrictions
- 41. how drummers steal money; such a drummer will not advance
- 42. drummers leave money in open; afraid to steal
How Alhaji Ibrahim became responsible for the Tamale drummers
- 43. when Sheni was leading, he gave the sharing to another drummer who stole and became unable to sing
- 44. how a voice can decrease: by not singing through puberty or by stealing
- 45. how Sheni gave the sharing to Alhaji Ibrahim; twenty-five years and no quarrels
- 46. how Alhaji Mumuni told Alhaji Ibrahim not to share the money; what happpend
- 47. how the drummers asked Alhaji Ibrahim to share the money; the lesson of Alhaji Mumuni
Conclusion
- 48. the money from drumming is not consumed alone; shared among many people
<top of page>
Proverbs and Sayings
Our beating is like that: one day, one day.
A drummer does not drum and spend alone.
God should cover the anus of Bizuŋ.
When they don't show you, you cannot know.
If you steal, you steal for yourself; and if you don't steal, you don't steal for yourself.
<top of page>
Dagbani words and other search terms
- Chiefs and elders
- Balo-Naa
- Gbonlana (Gbɔŋlana)
- Gundo-Naa
- Mba Naa
- Nanton-Naa
- Pakpon (Pakpɔŋ)
- Savelugu-Naa
- Yaa-Naa
- Yendi Limam
- Yidan' Gunu
- Drum chiefs and elders
- Bizun (Bizuŋ)
- Dobihi-Naa
- Dolsi-Naa
- Kuga Lun-Naa (Kuɣa Lun-Naa)
- Kuga Sampahi-Naa (Kuɣa Sampahi-Naa)
- Kuga Taha-Naa (Kuɣa Taha-Naa)
- Lun-Naa
- Lun-Naa Pakpon (Lun-Naa Pakpɔŋ)
- Lun-Zoo-Naa
- Maachendi (Maachɛndi)
- Maachendi Pakpɔŋ (Maachɛndi Pakpɔŋ)
- Maachendi Wulana (Maachɛndi Wulana)
- Molmoona
- Namo-Naa
- Namogu-Lun-Naa (Namɔɣu-Lun-Naa)
- Namogu-Yiwogu-Naa (Namɔɣu-Yiwɔɣu-Naa)
- Nanton Lun-Naa
- Nanton Maachendi (Nanton Maachɛndi)
- Palo-Lun-Naa
- Palo-Naa
- Palo-Sampahi-Naa
- Sampahi-Naa
- Savelugu Yiwogu-Naa Karimu (Savelugu Yiwɔɣu-Naa Karimu)
- Taha-Naa
- Yendi Sampahi-Naa
- Yiwogu-Naa (Yiwogu-Naa)
- Zohi Lun-Naa (Zɔhi Lun-Naa)
- Zohi Sampahi-Naa (Zɔhi Sampahi-Naa)
- Zohi Taha-Naa (Zɔhi Taha-Naa)
- Drummers
- Abdulai Seidu
- Alhaji [Ibrahim]
- Alhaji Adam [Alhassan Mangulana]
- Issa Karimu [Issa Tailor]
- Mohamadu [Fuseini]
- Mumuni [Alhaji Mumuni]
- Mba Sheni [Fuseini Alhassan]
- Musical terms
- Damba
- gungon (guŋgɔŋ)
- lumpaga (lumpaɣa)
- lundaa
- Naawuni lirim Lun Bizun gbini (Naawuni lirim Luŋ Bizuŋgbini)
- N yab' bia
- Samban' lunga (Samban' luŋa)
- Takai
- Miscellaneous terms
- cedi
- chieftaincy
- cowheads
- maalams
- n yab' bia
- pesewas
- sagim (saɣim)
- sheepheads
- threepence
- youngmen
- Towns and places
- Choggo
- Dagbon (Dagbɔŋ)
- Dagbon Toma (Dagbɔŋ Toma)
- Kanvili
- Namogu (Namɔɣu)
- Nanton
- Naya [Yendi]
- Sagnerigu
- Savelugu
- Tishigu
- Toma
- Yendi