A Drummer's Testament
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The contributions of Naa Zanjina to Dagbamba custom; Naa Zanjina's youth and conversion to Islam; Naa Zanjina as the “light” of Dagbon; Naa Zanjina's Samban' luŋa; how Naa Zanjina got chieftaincy
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Contents outline and links by paragraph
Introduction: Naa Zanjina's importance in the work
- 1. Naa Zanjina's chieftaincy needs a chapter between the Gonja wars; popular Samban' luŋa topic
Yendi moved from Toma to Naya
- 2. Yendi moved east to current location by Naa Tutuɣri; Gonja pressure
- 3. other towns also moved; duplicate names in eastern and western Dagbon
Naa Zanjina's significance in enlightening Dagbon
- 4. Naa Zanjina opened the eyes of Dagbon; many innovations; great respect
- 5. Naa Zanjina increased the respect of drumming: festivals, funerals, greetings
- 6. Naa Zanjina traveled and traded as a prince; brought Hausa maalams to teach Islam
Naa Zanjina's works in the Samban' luŋa
- 7. Dagbamba learned to Islamic prayer, festival celebrations
- 8. Dagbamba learned new funeral customs to replace previous customs
- 9. the funeral of Sabali Yɛri-Naa's son at Sabali as an example
- 10. drumming at funeral house; other funeral customs
- 11. Naa Zanjina brought barbers; shaving funeral children; final funeral after some months; widows remarrying
Barbers
- 12. barbers from Hausa land; Yidan' Gunu their chief
- 13. shave heads of funeral children
- 14. barbers cut facial scars; perform circumcision, medical procedures, surgeries
More of Naa Zanjina's works in Dagbon
- 15. Naa Zanjina introduced wearing cloths; introduced cotton seeds; brought Hausa weavers
- 16. introduced wearing of cloth by women
- 17. sandals for lepers; walking sticks for blind people
- 18. Naa Zanjina brought many benefits; drummers sing of them in Samban' luŋa
Savelugu-Naa Puusamli
- 19. Maalam Faliŋa a Hausa maalam; became chief of Savelugu; also known as Puusamli
- 20. friend and helper of Naa Zanjina; settled at Zakpalisi; teacher
- 21. helped Naa Zanjina and Naa Siɣli in fighting Gonjas
Puusamli and Naa Bimbiɛɣu
- 22. Naa Bimbiɛɣu was Naa Zanjina's son; afflicted with yaws; not received at Dagbamba towns
- 23. welcomed by Maalam Faliŋa at Zakpalisi, who bathed and treated Naa Bimbiɛɣu's sickness
- 24. Naa Bimbiɛɣu told Naa Zanjina of Maalam Faliŋa's good works
- 25. after Naa Siɣli died, Naa Bimbiɛɣu became Yaa-Naa; gave Savelugu to Maalam Faliŋa; the meaning of Puusamli
- 26. drummers praise Savelugu-Naa Puusamli as a son of Naa Bimbiɛɣu
- 27. Puusamli's talk inside Naa Zanjina, Naa Siɣli, Naa Bimbiɛɣu; how Samban' luŋa drummers move through his story
How Naa Zanjina gave respect and gifts to get chieftaincy
- 28. Naa Zanjina bought money from Hausa land; cowrie shells
- 29. respect of chieftaincy with gifts; not “buying” chieftaincy
- 30. cannot be compared to modern bribery or politics
How Naa Zanjina got the Yendi chieftaincy in Samban' luŋa
- 31. inside Samban' luŋa; contestation among Naa Tutuɣri's children; also Naa Siɣli
- 32. Naa Zanjina had been greeting Gushe-Naa; Gushe-Naa wanted Naa Zanjina; gave advice to Naa Zanjina to greet Yendi elders
- 33. Gushe-Naa went to Yendi for funeral; remove grass
- 34. disagreement among the brothers; all wanted the Yendi chieftaincy
- 35. Yendi elders say to take the problem to Mamprusi chief to resolve
- 36. Gushe-Naa's plan for Naa Zanjina
- 37. Naa Zanjina's talks are complex and difficult for drummers; variations in Samban' luŋa
The contenders go to Mamprusi
- 38. Dagbamba princes go to Mamprusi; have to wait
- 39. Mamprusi chief receives the Dagbamba princes and elders
- 40. the Dagbamba princes had greeted Mamprusi elders
- 41. Mamprusi elders do not agree among the contenders
- 42. Mamprusi chief's solution: princes will be judged by names they call for themselves
The Mamprusi elder and Gushe-Naa call names
- 43. Mamprusi elder insults Gushe-Naa with a name that Gushe-Naa cannot respond to
- 44. Gushe-Naa leaves gathering; Gushe-Naa discusses the name with a grandchild who had accompanied him
- 45. the child tells Gushe-Naa a name to use to reply to the Mamprusi elder
- 46. Gushe-Naa replies to Mamprusi elder
Dagbamba princes call their names
- 47. Mamprusi chief asks the princes to call their names
- 48. Yelizolilana Gurumancheɣu calls his name and is rejected
- 49. Sunson-Naa Timaani calls his name and is rejected
- 50. Naa Zanjina's four other senior brothers call their names and are rejected
Naa Zanjina and Naa Siɣli call their names and succeed
- 51. Naa Zanjina hesitates to call his name; Mamprusi chief reveals his prior relationship to Naa Zanjina
- 52. Naa Zanjina's names
- 53. Mamprusis interpret and accept his names and name him as Yaa-Naa
- 54. Naa Siɣli calls his names; Mamprusi chief say he should follow Naa Zanjina
- 55. the senior brothers are annoyed; renounce future interest in Yendi chieftaincy
Conclusion of Gushe-Naa story; Naa Zanjina returns to Dagbon
- 56. Gushe-Naa has the child who advised him killed to prevent disgrace
- 57. Naa Zanjina returned to Dagbon; stayed with maalams at Sabali
The arrangement behind the story among Gushe-Naa, Naa Zanjina, and the Mamprusi chief
- 58. drummers talk about Naa Zanjina's using sense or wisdom to become chief, not politics
- 59. calling the names a zana mat to cover the arrangement; compare to chieftaincy chapters
- 60. giving gifts in greeting is not bribery but showing respect; a tradition
- 61. the calling of names was the means for Naa Zanjina to bypass his senior brothers
Interpretations of Naa Zanjina's Samban' luŋa
- 62. Naa Zanjina's story: the custom was misinterpreted in books and in committees of inquiry
- 63. educated Dagbamba rely on books for justification
- 64. example: if soothsayers choose the Yaa-Naa, why go to Mamprusi
- 65. example: Mamprugulana did not establish the doors to Yendi as Mion, Karaga, Savelugu; Yaa-Naas after Naa Zanjina were from different towns
- 66. example: calling of names not used in any other historical situation
- 67. Naa Zanjina the choice of the elders through greetings; the calling of names a way to cover their choice
- 68. drummers and elders reluctant to talk about Dagbamba customs to outsiders
- 69. John's relationship to the drummers is based on drummers' knowledge; outsiders might reject it
- 70. Mamprusi chief has no role in custom; junior brother to Yaa-Naa starting from Naa Gbewaa; same family, not an outsider; Naa Zanjina's selection a unique event
- 71. Mamprusi chief is inside the family; government committees are outsiders, unfit to be involved
- 72. Alhaji Ibrahim takes ownership of this knowledge; no precedent for outsiders to determine chieftaincy
Conclusion
- 73. transition to Naa Siɣli
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Proverbs and Sayings
Naa Zanjina opened the eyes of Dagbon.
The respect of Naa Zanjina in Dagbon resembles the respect of drumming itself.
In Dagbon here, whatever you are doing, if you are doing it with the strength of chieftaincy, and you are standing with the chief to do it, you know that it will have respect.
We drummers call Naa Zanjina the light of Dagbon
Naa Zanjina lit a lantern and open the eyes of the Dagbamba.
“It's something, and at the same time, it's nothing.”
“Naa Zanjina is holding sense, and he is the one who can hold people, dead ones and live ones.”
“Naa Zanjina has made Dagbon fine.”
The debt of the stomach, you cannot pay all of it.
The debt of the stomach cannot be paid in full.
The rain that helps a tree to grow, that is the same rain that helps grass to grow.
If a child always greets elderly people, the elders will always support him.
The way you know that you will follow and get something, that is the way you have to follow.
To go to an elderly person, you can't go empty-handed.
It is inside custom that you will give respect before you will get chieftaincy.
In the way of our custom, giving of gifts is not a bribe.
A human being's tongue is a ladder to the heart, and this is what you have to climb before you can go inside the stomach.
A human tongue is the ladder that you can climb to go into the heart.
“If many children gather to do something, the seniors among them should do it before the juniors.”
Many birds can destroy a guinea corn farm.
They farm, and they sow. And they don't farm, and they don't sow.
They will plant the guinea corn, and it will germinate, and it will grow, and it will give birth, and many birds will come and destroy it. And I don't go to farm to farm, and I don't sow the guinea corn. The birds should know what they are coming to destroy.
They have farmed, and sowed, and a partridge will come and spoil the place. And if you don't sow, the bird will come and see. Unless somebody farms and sows, can the bird come to eat from the ground? And so the many birds, they should come and eat.
A chisel can easily spoil iron.
If you have a skin rash, and you are hiding it from people, if it worries you for a long time, at one time you will have to bring it out and show it to elders.
They didn't kill Timaani, and Timaani is easing himself.
He took tears and wore them on his neck like beads. And he took a sneeze and used it to be a good luck.
As for him, he is only a child looking after a horse, and so how is he going to get the sense to call a name?
A child who has no sense to call a name, how can he get the sense to look for a chieftaincy?
He is a child who will always go to the bush and carry firewood home.
A chest that is wide can collect every kind of dresses.
Many kapok pods, hanging on the tree, can never know who is the elder.
They will gather many newborn babies, and they are all lying down, you can never look at them to know who is foolish among them.
An anvil stone will roll and never break.
The dog that comes and eases feces will come and collect his feces.
Tiny grains of millet will gather many chickens.
A good place for blacksmiths will gather many iron rods.
The cry of a lion will wake up every village.
A child whose hands are clean, he should be the one to skin an elder person's goat, and he will take all the meat, and he will leave only the stomach and the liver to give to the elder.
He made it well: he made it well for the grandfather, and he is going home alone.
A child who sits with elders will get sense.
This time we are sitting, everybody has left his talks to be following somebody's talks.
Dagbamba have taken their custom and thrown it away.
If it were not for us drummers, and women, Dagbon would have been dead.
If somebody is looking for knowledge, it is because he wants to come and repair his house.
You repair your house before you go and repair outside.
Somebody can be there and he is not an old person, and they will take an old person's name and call him, and he answers an old person's answering.
I want to talk the truth and it will repair our Dagbon, and you can't take lies and repair anything.
The eye and the nose are near one another, and the eye doesn't cry and the nose will keep quiet. As the eye is crying, the nose is also running.
If you don't like somebody and he does any work, you won't like that work. If he is swimming, you will say he is putting dust on you.
Chieftaincy is older than government.
If you want to know the talks of Dagbon, throw away the government talks.
Somebody who looks here and looks there, he doesn't catch a slave.
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Dagbani words and other search terms
- Yaa-Naas:
- Naa Alaasani
- Naa Andani
- Naa Andani Jengbarga (Naa Andani Jɛŋgbarga)
- Naa Bimbiegu (Naa Bimbiɛɣu)
- Naa Garba
- Naa Gbewaa
- Naa Gungobli
- Naa Jinli Bimbiegu (Naa Jinli Bimbiɛɣu)
- Naa Luro
- Naa Saa Ziblim
- Naa Shitobu (Naa Shitɔbu)
- Naa Sigli (Naa Siɣli)
- Naa Tutugri (Naa Tutuɣri)
- Naa Zagli (Naa Zaɣli)
- Naa Zanjina
- Naa Ziblim Bandamda
- Naa Ziblim Kulunku
- Naa Zoli
- Chieftaincies and titled persons:
- Afa Falinga, Afa Falli (Afa Faliŋa, Afa Falli)
- Akarima
- Alibarka [Sabali Yeri-Naa zuu] (Alibarka [Sabali Yɛri-Naa zuu])
- Bimbila-Naa Nmantambu (Bimbila-Naa Ŋmantambu)
- Gbonlana (Gbɔŋlana)
- Goligolana Naapag' Bangumanga (Goligolana Naapaɣ' Baŋgumaŋa)
- Gundowarilana Tusua (Gundowarilana Tusua)
- Gushe-Naa
- Karagalana
- Karagalana Beemoni
- Kori-Naa
- Kpogolana Benyahin (Kpogolana Bɛnyahin)
- Kuga-Naa (Kuɣa-Naa)
- Kuga-Naa Subee (Kuɣa-Naa Subee)
- Kumbun-Naa
- Larabanglana Zanzhinzhegu (Larabaŋlana Zanʒinʒɛɣu)
- Limam
- Maalam Falinga (Maalam Faliŋa)
- Malba
- Mamprugulana
- Mamprugulana Tohigu
- Mionlana
- Nakonlana Nunyugri (Nakonlana Ŋunyuɣri)
- Sabali Yeri-Naa Yaamusah (Sabali Yɛri-Naa Yaamusah)
- Sagdugulana (Saɣduɣulana)
- Savelugu-Naa Puusamli
- Sunson-Naa
- Sunson-Naa Bugyilgu (Sunson-Naa Buɣyilgu)
- Sunson-Naa Timaani
- Tolon-Naa
- Tundilana
- Tundilana Jirigubamba
- Wariboggolana
- Warivilana Nmunyoo (Warivilana Ŋmunyoo)
- Wulana
- Yaa-Naa, Yaa-Naas
- Yobtolana (Yɔbtolana)
- Yelizolilana
- Yelizolilana Gurumanchegu (Yelizolilana Gurumancheɣu)
- Yidan' Gunu
- Yobnabihi
- Yogtolana (Yɔɣtolana)
- Zakpalisilana Abudu
- Zugulana
- Zugulana Asachia
- Drummers and drum chieftaincies:
- Abukari Moro
- Ibrahim Lunga (Ibrahim Luŋa)
- Mumuni (Abdulai)
- Lun-Naa
- Namo-Naa
- Nyologu Lun-Naa Issahaku
- Miscellaneous terms:
- afa
- anus
- bibirituturi [Cochlospermum planchoni Hook. f or C. tinctorium A. Rich. (Cochlospermaceae]
- buli chebu (buli chɛbu)
- cedi, cedis
- Chimsi
- Dagbani
- dalgu
- Damba
- Falinga Dabogulana (Faliŋa Dabɔɣulana)
- falli
- fari [Hausa]
- guinea fowl
- gul'kurugu
- Holy Qur'an
- jaga (jaɣa)
- kapok
- maalam, maalams
- Mal'tima-Naa
- mukuru
- pito
- puuni samli
- Ramadan
- salimata
- samarimavi
- Samban' lunga (Samban' luŋa)
- Setan' kugli (Setaŋ' kuɣli)
- timpana
- tindana
- yokolgu
- zana mat
- zuu
- Towns and places:
- Agbandi
- Bago
- Bimbila
- Dagbon
- Diari
- Gbulun
- Gbungbaliga
- Gushegu
- Karaga
- Korli
- Kpatinga
- Kumbungu
- Mamprugu
- Mion
- Nakpanzoo
- Nalerigu
- Nanton
- Naya
- Nyologu
- Sabali
- Savelugu
- Singa
- Sunson
- Taginamo
- Tampion
- Tolon
- Toma
- Wariboggo
- Yaan' Dabari
- Yelizoli
- Yendi
- Yiwogu (Yiwɔɣu)
- Yogu (Yɔɣu)
- Zakpalisi
- Zugu
- Zulogo Kpaliyogu (Zuloɣo Kpaliyɔɣu)
- Cultural groups:
- Ashantis
- Dagbana, Dagbamba
- Gonja, Gonjas
- Konkombas
- Mamprusi, Mamprusis